What is a common risk factor that can contribute to atherosclerosis?

High cholesterol levels are recognized as a significant risk factor that can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaques, in the arterial walls. When cholesterol levels in the blood are elevated, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, it can lead to increased plaque formation. This accumulation can narrow and harden arteries, making them less flexible and reducing blood flow, which can ultimately result in serious cardiovascular issues such as heart attacks and strokes.

In contrast, options such as excessive hydration and low cholesterol levels are not associated with increased atherosclerosis risk. Frequent exercise is typically seen as a protective factor, as it can help maintain healthy cholesterol levels, improve cardiovascular health, and reduce the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis. Thus, high cholesterol levels stand out as a well-established risk factor in the context of this condition.