Which of the following describes a condition where cholesterol plaque builds up in arteries, leading to ischemia?

Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, is characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol plaque in the coronary arteries. This plaque buildup narrows the arteries, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle. As a result, the heart may not receive sufficient oxygen, leading to ischemia—a condition where there is insufficient blood supply to meet the heart's needs.

Ischemic heart disease specifically refers to the heart's inability to receive adequate blood due to this plaque buildup, which may result in chest pain (angina) or even heart attacks. The condition is primarily linked to factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and other risk factors that contribute to atherosclerosis, the process by which plaque forms in the arteries over time.

Other options represent different conditions that do not specifically involve the buildup of cholesterol plaque in the arteries leading to ischemia. For instance, congestive heart failure refers to the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, while an aortic aneurysm involves a localized dilation of the aorta. Coronary artery spasm is a temporary tightening of the muscles in the artery wall, which can also cause ischemia, but it is not a result of plaque buildup. Thus, while there are connections between these